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THERE are indications that exchange rate crises that trailed the foreign exchange market reforms in June 2023 may linger further as supply gap led to further depreciation of Naira in the parallel market yesterday to N930/ $1, down from N925 mid last week.

However, the exchange rate improved week-on-week in the Investors and Exporters (I&E) window to N758.1 from N775.6.

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The prevailing exchange rates indicates a rising parallel market premium which is the gap between the parallel market rate and that of the I&E window.

The gap, as at last week Wednesday, was N153.41 per dollar, but has risen to N171.9 per dollar by yesterday, a development which has created a huge incentive for round-tripping and arbitraging in the foreign exchange market ecosystem.

Moreover, market observers have also noted that the Bureau de Changes, BDCs, have not helped the market as envisaged a month ago when the segment was re-admitted into the Central Bank Of Nigeria, CBN, official trading window for the purpose of opening the market to more independent forex supply and better access for individual retail end users.

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The BDCs have, instead, lamented that the renewed depreciation of the local currency was mainly due to the scarcity of the foreign currencies.

A BDC operator told Vanguard that the scarcity is so much that ‘‘even some Nigerians are unable to withdraw forex from their domiciliary accounts in banks”.

He said the lifting of the ban by the CBN on sales of forex to BDC operators has failed to help resolve the scarcity as the banks are not selling to the BDCs.

Data from FMDQ showed that the market opened at N761.24 to the dollar, recording a high of N807.15 and a low of N738.

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A total of $42.26 million was traded in foreign exchange at the I&E window.

On Tuesday, CBN said a review of the change in the forex regime showed that banks are in a position to profit from its potential to significantly increase the naira value of banks’ foreign currency (FCY) assets and liabilities.

The apex bank directed deposit money banks, DMBs, to stop utilising gains from the revaluation of the naira to pay dividends or finance operations.

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Commenting on the renewed depreciation of the naira even with the lifting of ban on sale of forex to BDCs, Prof Uche Uwaleke, President. Association of Capital Market Academics of Nigeria, ACMAN said: “Recall that the ban was placed in the first place due to the abuses associated with the selling of Forex to BDCs due to their large and unmanageable number.

‘‘If the CBN has established a need to resume such sales, then it should first trim the over 5000 BDCs to a controllable number of less than 1000 through a regulatory-induced merger and acquisition.

‘‘It is only then that the CBN can be in a position to effectively supervise the BDCs else the CBN ends up going round in circles.”

Also commenting, David Adonri, analyst and Executive Vice Chairman at Highcap Securities Limited, said: “Since BDCs are authorized retail dealers licensed by CBN, sale of forex to them is in order. ‘‘However, CBN should endeavor to sell to all its authorized buyers at the prevailing open market price in order to avoid rent seeking abuses. This U-turn may not address scarcity but provide a level playing field for participants in the foreign exchange market.”

Another financial expert, Victor Chiazor, Head of Research and Investment at FSL Securities Limited, said: “The CBN’s decision to lift the ban on sale of Forex to BDCs would have aided liquidity in the FX market if the CBN actually had enough FX in its vaults.

‘‘But I doubt there will be any change to the current pressure on the Naira. The case today is that our FX reserves which is at around $33 billion while the net liquid position is far lower, which means that in real terms the CBN does not have the required FX liquidity to meet the current FX demand, not also forgetting the existing backlog of FX payments owed to businesses.”

Vanguard